Jordan Peterson | Full Address and Q&A | Oxford Union (Script)

Youtube Link: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UZMIbo_DxJk&t=2346s

'19/01/27
Open Remark - 00:00:52 ~ 00:11:11

Open Remark
So I'm going to talk to you today a little bit about hierarchy.
it's a small talk that I've been developing as I've been doing my public lectures over the last couple of weeks.
it's an elaboration(정교함) of some of the ideas I put forth in or some of my scientific writing in maps of meaning but more particularly in 12 rules for life and Rule one which is stand up straight with your shoulders back.
and it's in part of meditation on hierarchy
and I want to talk about the political significance of that and that you know how I've been trying to sort that out in my own imagination.
so I am going to put.. and I think it sheds light on(해결의 실마리를 던져주다) on the political on the nature of political debate itself and maybe deeper light on why temperamental(신결질적) factors might contribute to political political Framing and perception.
because we know that people tend to vote their temperament
although there are other reasons that influence their political allegiance(충성) and their voting behavior so let's start with a couple of simple observations

the first is that complex biological creatures and even simple biological creatures for that matter have to move forward in the world and so that's the case for any creature that's mobile and that goes all the way down to one celled organisms the idea that approach and avoidance are the fundamental motivations isn't very old biological idea and seems to apply across levels of analysis in the in the animal kingdom
and it is true for us as well
we have to move forward towards things because we have requirements there are things that we require to Keep Us Alive and to keep us wanting to be alive as well
and and those are different things and we move forward towards things that we value

so the two propositions there
the first is that we have to move forward because there are things to move forward to because there are things we need and want and the
second is that to move forward towards something is simultaneously value it and so one of the implications of that is that we always live in a framework a value there's no escaping that
and it removed for a detail that this out quite substantially in my book maps of meaning but we're always at my place and and and we're always moving towards a place that in principle has some advantage over the place we at
otherwise we move towards it and so what that means is that there's no life without value
at least there's no human life without value out of necessity
and also not only out of necessity at the physiological level but also out of necessity at the psychological level because another thing that you might point out that I think is usually pointed out has been not only do you have to move from point A to B in life but point A is often a very difficult place to be
because we're fragile and bounded and mortal and limited and because we know that and

so one of the implications of that as many great religious Traditions are paint to illustrate or demonstrate or Proclaim is that life is essentially suffering and I believe that to be a fundamental truth but but perhaps not the most fundamental truth because I think the most fundamental truth is that despite the fact that life is suffering people can transcend that and partly the way they transcend that is by pursuing things of value and so that if there is no value proposition at hand then you have no meaning to justify the difficult conditions of your life and that's brutally difficult for people

no Nietzsche said he who has a why can bear any how 

and you see and then I certainly seen this at the clinical practitioner that people who have no purpose in their life are embittered by the difficulties of their life and they become first bitter and then resentful and then revengeful and then cruel and there's plenty of places to go past cruel that's just where you start if you're really on a downhill path all right

so the so this is the first propositions

the second proposition would be well if you're going to pursue something of value because you're a social creature you're going to pursue that thing of value in the social space and
that means you're going to compete and cooperate with people around you in the pursuit of that value
what that inevitably means is that given that the pursuit of anything valuable is going to be a collective Enterprise
that you're going to produce a hierarchy or maybe more than one harder to bet
at least A hierarchy of competence in relationship to that Pursuit so it doesn't matter what you decide to pursue
maybe you're going to do that cooperatively run to find that you and other people very in your ability to manage that Pursuit effectively and and efficiently and so there's going to be a hierarchy of people from voting
maybe it's delivering massages maybe it's delivering groceries maybe it's setting up an Enterprise
it doesn't matter but if it's valuable Purdue pursued and you pursue it socially going to produce a hierarchy and the hierarchy is going to be one of confidence

and so if you're going to pursue value then you're going to construct a hierarchy and then there's an implication from that which is that if you construct a hierarchy most of the people within that hierarchical structure are a minority of people are going to be fantastically successful at the pursuit and a very large number going to stack up at the bottom and that's a manifestation of what's known as prices laws map by the Pareto rule distribution it's an expression of what's be known Among The Economist says the Matthew principle from the New Testament

to those who have everything more will be given from those who have nothing everything will be taken away and it's an it's an iron law of the distribution of success in hierarchy

so if you're going to have value and you're going to have hierarchy then you're going to have inequality and that's a problem now

you can't so now you have a clinical divide there so the conservative type say but we need to hierarchies and that's self-evident as far as I'm concerned given that set of propositions because if you don't ever going to pursue something of value which you have to and need to then you're going to produce a hierarchy so if you demolish the hierarchies you demolished value itself and that's not a tenable a tenable move the left wing no says your credit yeah but

you have to be very careful with your hierarchies because they tend towards inequality of distribution that's one problem once they're established they always also tend to a form of tyranny because once a hierarchy of confidence has been established it can be invaded by people who use power as the means to attain status in the hierarchy and that can corrupt and and destroyed even the entire hierarchy so we have to be on guard for that plus if your hierarchy becomes too Steep and its distribution so it's two tiny fraction of people at the top and two great an agglomeration of people at the bottom especially under conditions of genuine privation  then the people at the bottom it's not only unjust, unfair producing  access suffering at the bottom have nothing to lose might as well just put the hierarchy on its end and that's not a good way to produce a sustainable Society you don't want to put people in the position where they have nothing to lose especially if you have something to lose but also with regards to principles of fairness and Justice let's say so it seems to me that that's a decent way of conceptualizing the political landscape and that gives that gives you a conceptual framework within which you can put people on the left and right in their proper position the right
basically is that portion of the population that's temperamentally who's temperamental proclivity is to admire and support hierarchies and work effectively with in them and that's actually the personality traits that make up a conservative because conservatives by temperament are low in trade openness which is a creativity Dimension that's associated with lateral thinking it's not I would say it's a very environmentally underdetermined

it's it's it's a biological predisposition(성향) especially with regards to creativity and high in conscientiousness(성실성) and the conservative temperamental types make very good managers and administrators that's how they manifest themselves in the world essentially if you set up a hierarchy and it runs on algorithmic runs algorithmically then the conservatives will do very well in that structure because they can Implement an algorithm into a very good at implementing where is
the liberal types are very good at generating new hierarchies and so and that's and that's because they're hiring trade open if they're less conscientious(양심적인) so they're not suited as well to do within hierarchy operation but

in a functioning economy and in a functioning democracy I would say you need both types you need to Liberal types to establish new territory and to put out new values so that new hierarchies might be organized so that the effective movement towards those ends might be instantiated and you need the conservatives to actually implement the processes and so a society's only conservatives become Static and that's not good because the environment transforms and you have to keep up with a society that's only composed of the left-leaning liberal types is very good at generating all sorts of new possibilities but very bad at generating all sorts of new actualities and so we should be first of all cognizant(알고 있는) of the fact that hierarchical organization is escapable if you're also going to pursue value second that if you produce hierarchical structures that you're going to produce inequality inevitably and there are negative consequences as a as a function of that and that the end of both sides of that equation let's say need need a voice because both of those functions are are valuable necessary but also add odds with one another and that permanent odds Because it is the case that you need hierarchies because otherwise you have nothing to do and it's also the case that if you have hierarchies then the poor will always be with you and that's a that's a that's a chronic(만성적인) functional problem that has to be addressed and that's the proper place I would say of the left

so that's only 15 minutes

군함도 해외 리뷰 : 미국, http://www.rogerebert.com/

원본: Link

제2차 세계대전의 속의 한국에 관한 이야기인 "군함도"는 나에게 만화 예술가인 Howard Chaykin을 떠오르게 합니다. Chaykin은 조형 공상 과학 소설 인 American Flagg의 작가이자 예술가로, 수퍼맨이나 배트맨과 같은 심리적으로 복잡하지 않은 캐릭터에 대한 이야기는 결코 쓸 수 없다고 이야기 했습니다.. Chaykin에게 결함이있는 주인공 - 그의 경우, 종종 큰소리로 그리고 / 또는 독선적 인 "자유의 파시스트"-는 자신이 비슷한 결함이 있는 것으로 생각했기 때문에 더 현실적이었습니다.

그러한 종류의 냉소주의 같은 인본주의가 "군함도"를 기대되게 만들어 줍니다. 공동작가이자 감독인 류승완 (Seung Ryan)은 스티븐 스필버그 (Steven Spielberg)의 "라이언 일병 구하기 (Private Ryan)"와 "쉰들러리스트 (Schindler 's List)"와 같은 전쟁 포로들의 이야기에 영감을 받아 영화를 만들었습니다. 그러나 "군함도"의 가장 흥미가 생기지만 때로 좌절감을주는 측면은, 고통을 정량화 할 수있는 생존 본능을 가지고 있고 이타심과 공동체 의식이 보여 지지만 이는 주로 필요성과 끔찍한 위험으로부터 비롯됩니다. 이 영화의 영웅은 이기적이지만, 절대로 부패하거나 어리석은 방식이 아닙니다. 그들은 인간이고, 그들이 직면 한 각각의 연속적인 도전에 직면해야만 하는 것을 합니다.

원자 폭탄이 히로시마와 나가사키에 투하되기 직전 "군함도"는 하시마 섬에 대한 일본의 수용소에 설정되어 있습니다. 이 영화의 확산 앙상블 드라마의 대부분은 전 밴드 악단 강옥 (황순민)과 그의 10 대 소녀 손희 ("기차에서 부산"까지 김수연)와 관련이있다. 그러나 때로는 드라마가 강옥과 그의 딸과 떨어져 나간다. 강옥과 소희가 찾아내는 악몽을 더욱 맥락화하기 위해 이차 등장 인물에 집중한다. 모든 연령대의 여성들은 "쾌적한 집" 일본 공무원을 위해 매춘된다. 임신과 성병은 섬에 불명예를 가져 오는 불편으로 취급됩니다. 남자들은 일반적으로 밀실 공포증과 가연성이 높은 메이크 시프트 터널을 조종해야하는 탄광에서 일하도록 강요 받고 있습니다. 모두가 작동하고, 아무도 일본군과 한국 포로와 같은 중간 남자 역할을 일본어 감시인 / 경비, 심지어 한국의 협력자의 분노에서 제외되지 않습니다.

파멸의 위험은 어느 정도는 강옥을 인간화하지만, 항상 우스꽝스러운 해결사로 묘사됩니다. 영화의 첫 한시간 동안 우리는 그가 영화의 주인공 인 이유를 궁금해 합니다. 그는 자신과 그의 밴드 메이트들이 뇌물을 주선하여 하시마에가는 것을 막으려하지만, 거의 모든 사람들이 어려움에서 벗어나려는 것을 강옥이 깨닫는 가슴 아픈 초기 장면에서 신속하게 역효과를냅니다. 그는 땀을 흘리며 뒤로 물러서서 일본인과 호의를 표한다. 강옥이하는 가장 고귀한 일은 주된 수혜자 인 잘 만들어진 물물 교환 네트워크를 만드는 것입니다.

진심으로 왜 한국인 저항군이 일본인을 물리 치기위한 유일한 희망으로 정치범 윤학철(이경영)을 생각하는지는 의문 입니다. 강옥은 윤(Yoon)과 그의 제자들의 하시마 (Hashima) 섬 탈출을 시도하는 것에 함께 합니다. 그러나 "군함도"는 궁극적으로 강옥의 이야기 입니다. 왜냐하면 우리는 윤이 선동적 인 연설만으로 주변 사람들을 단련시키는 것에 비해 강옥이 얼마나 훌륭한지를 볼 수 있기 때문입니다.  그런 의미에서 류의 영화는 스필버그의 전쟁 드라마를 곧바로 재연하는 것 이상의 반향을 일으킨다. 캐릭터를 일상적으로 인간의 필요에 따라 사용하고 있습니다. 그들은 다이너마이트를 핥아 여분의 음식을 먹으며, 감옥에 간청하기 위해 황제를 칭찬합니다. 그들은 영웅이 아니라 생존자입니다.

이러한 맥락에서 볼 때, 폭력과 잔인함의 감각적인 영상은 당연히 정상이지만, 좋다고 할수만은 없습니다. 류감독의 심박수의 강조, 폭발, 성매매에 중점을 두어 시청자들은 사려 깊고 때로는 내적으로 혼란스러운 세계관을 맛볼 것입니다. 기본적인 수준에서 전쟁 영화 인 "군함도"는 고통과 인내을 통해 인간의 경험을 정의하는 경향이 가장 두드러집니다. 지적 수준에서 눈에 띄는 것은 있지만, 보너스를 보았을 때 완전히 다른 것은 시각적으로 눈에 띄는 뛰어난 안무를받은 세트 곡에 푹 빠져 있습니다. 영화의 커다란 D-Day 스타일 감옥 구는 너무나 심하게 폭력적 인 죽음으로 절정을 벗어나이 고어 함을 조금 불편하게 만들었다.

"군함도"는 때로는 보기 좋지 않지만, 지속적으로 관객을 끌어들이며 비정상적일만큼 사려 깊게 기쁨을 줍니다. 류씨가 민족 주의적 저항에 대한 비판적인 표현으로 음악을 사용하는 방식을 보십시오. 강옥과 그의 밴드는 일본 군음악을 연주하여 자신들을 체포한 사람들에게 아첨합니다. 그러나 그들의 진정한 음악은 재즈 입니다. 이것은 일반적인 재즈의 의미에 의해 폭발적인 세트 피스로 영화가 클라이 막스 될 것이라고 생각하게 할 것입니다. 대신, "군함도"는 위에서 언급 한 감옥 정원으로 절정을 이루며 Ennio Morricone이 작곡 한 두 번째로 유명한 음악인 "The Ecstasy of Gold"가 사용 되었습니다. 그것은 좋은 취향과 지적 신뢰의 경계를 푸는 뻔뻔한 콜백입니다. 그러나 그것은 완벽한 감정적인 조화를 이룹니다 "군함도"는 대담한 사려 깊은 희귀한 전쟁 영화입니다.

군함도 해외 개봉일 정보

일제 강점기를 그린 한국 영화중에 가장 강렬한 영화였기 때문에(개인 의견)
해외에서는 어떤 반응이 있을지 궁금해졌습니다.
그래서 개봉일 정보를 정리해 봅니다.


개봉일
8/4: 미국, 캐나다
8월: 프랑스, 호주, 뉴질랜드, 싱가포르, 말레이시아, 태국, 베트남, 대만, 홍콩, 인도네시아
9월: 필리핀
출처: Link, Link2
기록일: 2017-08-02

7월: Indonesia
7/26: South Korea
8/3->8/10: Hong Kong (Link)
8/17: Singapore
8/18: Taiwan
출처: Link
기록일: 2017-08-02

Review
미국
1. http://www.rogerebert.com/: Link -> 번역 Link
2. https://www.rottentomatoes.com/: Link ->
3. http://www.imdb.com/: Link ->